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Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births), 2023: 3
Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births), 2024: 3.2
Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births), 2024: 1.7
Probability of dying from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease between age 30 and exact age 70 (%), 2021: 9.3%
Prevalence of anaemia in women aged 15-49 years (%), 2023: 15.6%

Source: World health statistics 2026: Monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. Tables of health statistics by country and area, WHO region and globally (last accessed May 13, 2026). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2026. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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Life expectancy at birth (in years), 2023: 84.0 years
Main causes of mortality (age-standardized rate per 100,000 population), 2023
– Circulatory system: 171
– Neoplasms: 187
– Respiratory system: 69
– External causes: 31
– Other: 206
Mortality from preventable causes (age-standardized rate per 100,000 population)
– 2023: 92
– 2013: 103
Mortality from treatable causes (age-standardized rate per 100,000 population)
– 2023: 50
– 2013: 59
Maternal mortality (deaths per 100,000 live births)
– 2021-2023: 3.3
– 2011-2013: 3.1
Infant mortality (deaths per 1 000 live births)
– 2021-2023: 2.6
– 2011-2013: 3.0

Source: OECD (2025), Health at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, doi.org/10.1787/8f9e3f98-en.

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Life Expectancy at Birth, 2023: 84 years
Under-Five Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births), 2022: 3
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births), 2022: 3
Neonatal Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births), 2022: 2
Mortality Rate Among Children Aged 5-14 Years (per 1,000 children aged 5), 2022: 1
Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births), 2020: 3
Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death (1 in x), 2020: 1 in 27,789

Notes: Under-five mortality rate – Probability of dying between birth and exactly 5 years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births.
Infant mortality rate – Probability of dying between birth and exactly 1 year of age, expressed per 1,000 live births.
Neonatal mortality rate – Probability of dying during the first 28 days of life, expressed per 1,000 live births.
Mortality rate (children aged 5 to 14 years) – Probability of dying at age 5–14 years expressed per 1,000 children aged 5.
Maternal mortality ratio – Number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births during the same time period (modelled estimates).
Lifetime risk of maternal death – Lifetime risk of maternal death takes into account both the probability of becoming pregnant and the probability of dying as a result of that pregnancy, accumulated across a woman’s reproductive years (modelled estimates).

Source: United Nations Children’s Fund, The State of the World’s Children 2024: The Future of Childhood in a Changing World – Statistical Compendium. UNICEF, Nov. 20, 2024.

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Life Expectancy at Birth, 2022: 83.91
Infant Mortality Rate, 2022 (per 1,000 live births): 2.18
Under-Five Mortality Rate, 2022 (per 1,000 live births): 2.64

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2023). Data Portal, custom data acquired via website. United Nations: New York. Accessed 12 May 2023.

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Maternal Deaths Per 100,000 Live Births, 2020: 3

Source: Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA/Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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“In 2017, life expectancy reached 83.4 years in Spain, the highest level among EU countries (Figure 1). Life expectancy has increased by more than four years since 2000, more rapidly than the EU average (3.6 years).

“The gender gap in life expectancy has narrowed since 2000 as the life expectancy of Spanish men increased more rapidly than that of women. Nonetheless, it remains fairly large, at 5.5 years.”

Source: OECD/European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (2019), Spain: Country Health Profile 2019, State of Health in the EU, OECD Publishing, Paris/European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels.

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“Preventable mortality rates in Spain are among the lowest in the EU, driven by low mortality rates from ischaemic heart disease (particularly among women), road accidents and other accidental deaths, and alcohol-related diseases (Figure 9). On the other hand, mortality rates from lung cancer continue to be high (particularly among men) and close to the EU average, reflecting a historical pattern of Spanish men smoking more than women.

“Treatable causes of mortality are also among the lowest in Europe, indicating that the Spanish health system is generally effective in treating people with life-threatening conditions. These favourable outcomes are largely due to low mortality rates from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases (stroke). Mortality rates from some types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer, are closer to the EU averages.”

Source: OECD/European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (2019), Spain: Country Health Profile 2019, State of Health in the EU, OECD Publishing, Paris/European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels.

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“Life expectancy has been increasing since the 1990s. In 2014, life expectancy reached 83.2 years, being the highest at European Union (EU) level and over the EU average of 80.9 years (MSSSI, 2017b), with 86.1 years for women and 80.4 years for men (see Table 1.3). The increasing trend in life expectancy between 2010 and 2014 has been similar both in Spain and the EU, with similar figures for men (1% increase) and slightly smaller for women (0.2% increase in Spain versus 0.5% increase in the EU) (Eurostat, 2017d).

“In the last decade, healthy life-years have slightly improved from 64.5 in 2010 to 65 years free of disease in 2014. Figures are notably higher than in the EU, with 61.4 healthy life-years in 2010 and 61.8 healthy life-years in 2014. Women, in Spain, have experienced a greater increase than men, from 63.8 healthy life-years in 2010 to 65 healthy life-years in 2014. In terms of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), Spain exhibited an improvement from 69.2 DALYs in 2000 to 72.4 DALYs in 2015. The improvement was slightly larger for men (from 66.7 DALYs to 70.6 DALYs), while women improved from 71.6 DALYs to 74.1 DALYs (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2017).”

Source: Bernal-Delgado E, García-Armesto S, Oliva J, Sánchez Martínez FI, Repullo JR, PeñaLongobardo LM, Ridao-López M, Hernández-Quevedo C. Spain: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition, 2018;20(2):1–179.

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World Health Systems Facts is a project of the Real Reporting Foundation. We provide reliable statistics and other data from authoritative sources regarding health systems and policies in the US and eighteen other nations.

Page last updated October 9, 2026 by Doug McVay, Editor.