Spain: Preventive Healthcare - World Health Systems Facts

Tuberculosis incidence (per 100,000 population), 2023: 5.9
Probability of dying from any of CVD, cancer, diabetes, CRD between age 30 and exact age 70 (%), 2021: 9.3%
Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population), 2021: 8.7
Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 15-19 years), 2015-2024: 4.6
Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 10-14 years), 2015-2024: 0.1
Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%), 2023: 93%
Measles-containing-vaccine second-dose (MCV2) immunization coverage by the locally recommended age (%), 2023: 92%
Pneumococcal conjugate 3rd dose (PCV3) immunization coverage among 1-year olds (%), 2023: 92%
Human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization coverage estimates among 15 year-old girls (%), 2023: 75%
Prevalence of anaemia in women aged 15-49 years (%), 2023: 15.6%
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births), 2023: 3
Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births), 2023: 3.1
Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births), 2023: 1.7
New HIV infections (per 1000 uninfected population), 2023: <0.1

Source: World health statistics 2025: monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. Tables of health statistics by country and area, WHO region and globally. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Under-Five Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births), 2022: 3
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births), 2022: 3
Neonatal Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births), 2022: 2
Mortality Rate Among Children Aged 5-14 Years (per 1,000 children aged 5), 2022: 1
Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births), 2020: 3
Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death (1 in x), 2020: 1 in 27,789
Immunization for Vaccine Preventable Diseases (%), 2023:
– Percentage of surviving infants who received the first dose of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine: 97%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine: 93%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of the polio vaccine: 93%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received the first dose of the measles-containing vaccine: 96%
– Percentage of children who received the second dose of measles-containing vaccine as per national schedule: 92%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine: 93%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: 93%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received the last dose of rotavirus vaccine as recommended: 66%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: 92%
Adolescent Birth Rate (Births Per 1,000 Adolescent Girls and Young Women), 2017-2023:
– Aged 10-14: 0
– Aged 15-19: 5

Notes: Under-five mortality rate – Probability of dying between birth and exactly 5 years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births.
Infant mortality rate – Probability of dying between birth and exactly 1 year of age, expressed per 1,000 live births.
Neonatal mortality rate – Probability of dying during the first 28 days of life, expressed per 1,000 live births.
Mortality rate (children aged 5 to 14 years) – Probability of dying at age 5–14 years expressed per 1,000 children aged 5.
Maternal mortality ratio – Number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births during the same time period (modelled estimates).
Lifetime risk of maternal death – Lifetime risk of maternal death takes into account both the probability of becoming pregnant and the probability of dying as a result of that pregnancy, accumulated across a woman’s reproductive years (modelled estimates).
BCG – Percentage of live births who received bacilli Calmette-Guérin (vaccine against tuberculosis).
DTP1 – Percentage of surviving infants who received the first dose of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine.
DTP3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine.
Polio3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of the polio vaccine.
MCV1 – Percentage of surviving infants who received the first dose of the measles-containing vaccine.
MCV2 – Percentage of children who received the second dose of measles-containing vaccine as per national schedule.
HepB3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine.
Hib3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.
Rota – Percentage of surviving infants who received the last dose of rotavirus vaccine as recommended.
PCV3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
Adolescent birth rate – Number of births per 1,000 adolescent girls and young women aged 10–14 and 15–19.

Source: United Nations Children’s Fund, The State of the World’s Children 2024: The Future of Childhood in a Changing World – Statistical Compendium. UNICEF, Nov. 20, 2024.

“Conversely, as proportions of current health expenditure Spanish spending on long-term care (9 %) and prevention (3 %) are low compared to the EU averages – 16 % and 6 % respectively.”

Source: OECD/European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (2023), Spain: Country Health Profile 2023, State of Health in the EU, OECD Publishing, Paris/European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels.

“In the first year of the pandemic, with a rate of 143 deaths per 100,000 population from preventable causes and 62 deaths per 100,000 population for treatable causes (i.e. those that should not have occurred in the presence of timely and effective healthcare), Spain had among the lowest rates of avoidable mortality in the EU (Figure 11). Rates of preventable deaths had been declining\ incrementally in the years prior to the pandemic. However, as in most countries in Europe, deaths from COVID-19 led preventable mortality rates to rise significantly in Spain – from 110 deaths per 100,000 population in 2019 to 143 deaths per 100,000 population in 2020, an increase of 30 %. Nevertheless, lower rates of preventable mortality in Spain may be related in part to public policies and initiatives to minimise health risk factors (Box 1).”

Spain: Preventive Healthcare - National Policies - World Health Systems Facts

World Health Systems Facts is a project of the Real Reporting Foundation. We provide reliable statistics and other data from authoritative sources regarding health systems and policies in the US and sixteen other OECD member nations.

Page last updated October 13, 2025 by Doug McVay, Editor.