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World Health Systems Facts

Bismarck Model

Bismarck Model Nations Include:

Germany

German Health System

Japan

Japanese Health System


“The archetypal Bismarck model is the traditional system of Germany, financed by multiple insurers, with employer-based schemes supplemented by the state, in which providers are privately owned and patients have direct access to specialists. “

Source: Bevan, Gwyn, Jan-Kees Helderman, and David Wilsford. “Changing Choices in Health Care: Implications for Equity, Efficiency and Cost.” Health Economics, Policy and Law 5.3 (2010): 251–267. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20478104


Flag of Germany

German Health System Overview
Health System Rankings
Outcomes
Health System Coverage
Costs for Consumers
Health System Expenditures
Germany’s COVID-19 Strategy

Health System Financing
Medical Personnel
Health System Physical Resources and Utilization
Long-Term Care
Medical Training
Health Information and Communications Technologies
Pharmaceuticals

Political System
Economic System
Population Demographics
Social Determinants & Health Equity
People With Disabilities
Aging
Health System History
Health System Future Challenges


Flag of Japan

Japanese Health System Overview
Health System Rankings
Health System Outcomes
Health System Coverage
Consumer Costs
Japan’s COVID-19 Strategy

Health System Expenditures
Medical Personnel
System Resources and Utilization
Long-Term Care
Medical Training
Pharmaceuticals

Political System
Economic System
Population Demographics
Social Determinants & Health Equity
Health System History and Challenges


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  • Medical Debt in Collections in the US
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Health Systems Facts is a project of the Real Reporting Foundation. We provide reliable statistics and other data from authoritative sources regarding health systems in the US and several other nations.


Page last updated Oct. 22, 2021 by Doug McVay, Editor.

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