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Population (in thousands), 2023: 18,093
Share of Household Income, 2015-2023:
– Bottom 40%: 24%
– Top 20%: 35%
– Bottom 20%: 9%
Gini Coefficient, 2015-2023: 26
Palma Index of Income Inequality, 2015-2023: 0.9
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Per Capita (Current US$), 2015-2023: $62,537
Government Expenditure on Health as % of GDP, 2015-2023: 7.9%
Government Expenditure on Health as % of Government Budget, 2015-2023: 16.9%

Notes: Share of household income – Percentage of income received by the 20 per cent of households with the highest income, by the 40 per cent of households with the lowest income and by the 20 per cent of households with the lowest income.
Gini Coefficient – Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
Palma Index of income inequality – Palma index is defined as the ratio of the richest 10% of the population’s share of gross national income divided by the poorest 40%’s share.
GDP per capita (current US$) – GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current US dollars.
Government revenue as percentage of GDP – Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.
Government expenditure – General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defence and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation.

Source: United Nations Children’s Fund, The State of the World’s Children 2024: The Future of Childhood in a Changing World – Statistical Compendium. UNICEF, Nov. 20, 2024.

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Population (2021): 17,530,000
Gross National Income, Atlas method (Current US$) (Billions) (2021): $1,044.23
GNI per capita, Atlas method (Current US$) (2021): $59,560
Income Share Held by Lowest 20% (2021): 9.4%
Gross Domestic Product (Current US$) (Billions) (2021): $1,054.47

Source: World Bank. Country Profile: Netherlands. World Development Indicators. Last accessed Oct. 15, 2026.

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“With a world top 20 ranking of GDP, the Netherlands is a wealthy country. A location near the sea and a good logistic infrastructure that serves as the gateway to the German hinterland importantly contribute to the Netherlands’ top 10 position in export. Key drivers of the Dutch economy are financial and commercial services (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2009). Major industrial activity concerns intensive agriculture, food processing, chemicals and petroleum refinery and electronic machinery (European Commission, 2009).”

Source: Kroneman M, Boerma W, van den Berg M, Groenewegen P, de Jong J, van Ginneken E (2016). The Netherlands: health system review. Health Systems in Transition, 2016; 18(2):1–239.

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“The Netherlands ranks third in the European Union in terms of GDP per capita with €48,900, well above the EU average (€37,600). It accounts for 6.3% of the EU’s total GDP.”

Source: European Union. EU Countries: Netherlands. European Union. Last accessed February 27, 2025.

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World Health Systems Facts is a project of the Real Reporting Foundation. We provide reliable statistics and other data from authoritative sources regarding health systems and policies in the US and eighteen other nations.

Page last updated October 15, 2026 by Doug McVay, Editor.