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Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births), 2023: 2
Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births), 2024: 3.6
Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births), 2024: 2.3
New HIV infections (per 1000 uninfected population), 2024: No data
Tuberculosis incidence (per 100 000 population), 2024: 6.9
Probability of dying from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease between age 30 and exact age 70 (%), 2021: 8.3%
Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population), 2021: 13.1
Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 15-19 years), 2016-2025: 6.7
Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 10-14 years), 2016-2025: 0.1
Universal Health Coverage: Service coverage index, 2023: 89
Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%), 2024: 93%
Measles-containing-vaccine second-dose (MCV2) immunization coverage by the locally recommended age (%), 2024: 92%
Pneumococcal conjugate 3rd dose (PCV3) immunization coverage among 1-year olds (%), 2024: 95%
Human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization coverage estimates among primary target cohort (9-14 years old girls) (%), 2024: 73%
Density of medical doctors (per 10,000 population), 2017-2024: 42.28
Density of nursing and midwifery personnel (per 10,000 population), 2017-2024: 144.31
Density of dentists (per 10,000 population), 2017-2024: 6.52
Density of pharmacists (per 10 000 population), 2016-2024: 9.58
Domestic general government health expenditure (GGHE-D) as percentage of general government expenditure (GGE) (%), 2023: 21.01%
Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 (%), 2024: 3.1
Prevalence of overweight in children under 5 (%), 2024: 26.4
Prevalence of anaemia in women aged 15-49 years (%), 2023: 11.1

Source: World health statistics 2026: Monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. Tables of health statistics by country and area, WHO region and globally (last accessed June 22, 2026). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2026. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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Population (in thousands), 2023:
Annual Population Growth Rate (%), 2023: 26,451
Life Expectancy at Birth, 2023: 84 years
Share of Urban Population (%), 2023: 87%
Annual Growth Rate of Urban Population (%), 2020-2030: 1.0%
Net Migration Rate (per 1,000 population), 2023: 5.3
Under-Five Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births), 2022: 4
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births), 2022: 3
Neonatal Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births), 2022: 2
Mortality Rate Among Children Aged 5-14 Years (per 1,000 children aged 5), 2022: 1
Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births), 2020: 3
Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death (1 in x), 2020: 1 in 19,484
Immunization for Vaccine Preventable Diseases (%), 2023
– Percentage of surviving infants who received the first dose of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine: 98%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine: 94%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of the polio vaccine: 94%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received the first dose of the measles-containing vaccine: 91%
– Percentage of children who received the second dose of measles-containing vaccine as per national schedule: 93%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine: 94%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: 94%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received the last dose of rotavirus vaccine as recommended: 87%
– Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: 95%
Adolescent Birth Rate (Births Per 1,000 Adolescent Girls and Young Women), 2017-2023
– Aged 10-14: 0
– Aged 15-19: 7
Share of Household Income, 2015-2023
– Bottom 40%: 20%
– Top 20%: 42%
– Bottom 20%: 7%
Gini Coefficient, 2015-2023: 34
Palma Index of Income Inequality, 2015-2023: 1.3
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Per Capita (Current US$), 2015-2023: $64,712
Government Expenditure on Health as % of GDP, 2015-2023: 8.0%
Government Expenditure on Health as % of Government Budget, 2015-2023: 19.3%

Notes: Under-five mortality rate – Probability of dying between birth and exactly 5 years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births.
Infant mortality rate – Probability of dying between birth and exactly 1 year of age, expressed per 1,000 live births.
Neonatal mortality rate – Probability of dying during the first 28 days of life, expressed per 1,000 live births.
Mortality rate (children aged 5 to 14 years) – Probability of dying at age 5–14 years expressed per 1,000 children aged 5.
Maternal mortality ratio – Number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births during the same time period (modelled estimates).
Lifetime risk of maternal death – Lifetime risk of maternal death takes into account both the probability of becoming pregnant and the probability of dying as a result of that pregnancy, accumulated across a woman’s reproductive years (modelled estimates).
BCG – Percentage of live births who received bacilli Calmette-Guérin (vaccine against tuberculosis).
DTP1 – Percentage of surviving infants who received the first dose of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine.
DTP3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine.
Polio3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of the polio vaccine.
MCV1 – Percentage of surviving infants who received the first dose of the measles-containing vaccine.
MCV2 – Percentage of children who received the second dose of measles-containing vaccine as per national schedule.
HepB3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine.
Hib3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.
Rota – Percentage of surviving infants who received the last dose of rotavirus vaccine as recommended.
PCV3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
Protection at birth (PAB) – Percentage of newborns protected at birth against tetanus with tetanus toxoid.
Adolescent birth rate – Number of births per 1,000 adolescent girls and young women aged 10–14 and 15–19.
Share of household income – Percentage of income received by the 20 per cent of households with the highest income, by the 40 per cent of households with the lowest income and by the 20 per cent of households with the lowest income.
Gini Coefficient – Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
Palma Index of income inequality – Palma index is defined as the ratio of the richest 10% of the population’s share of gross national income divided by the poorest 40%’s share.
GDP per capita (current US$) – GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current US dollars.
Government revenue as percentage of GDP – Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.
Government expenditure – General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defence and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation.

Source: United Nations Children’s Fund, The State of the World’s Children 2024: The Future of Childhood in a Changing World – Statistical Compendium. UNICEF, Nov. 20, 2024.

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“Australia has a mixed (public and private) health care delivery system. The federally funded initiatives for PHC [Primary Health Care] include general practitioners (GPs), Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs), and primary health networks (PHNs). Most primary care services are provided by GPs (public and private), primarily located in inner urban areas [6]. Health organisations such as ACCHOs provide comprehensive PHC services to Indigenous communities [11, 12], while PHNs commission health services and service gaps [13]. In addition, each state has its health department, comprising regional bodies called local health networks (local hospital networks, local health districts, health service regions, health organisations, or hospitals and health services) [13]. At the local level, local councils also run community health clinics which provide several preventive health services (e.g., childhood immunisation and antenatal care) [13].”

Source: Khatri RB, Assefa Y. Drivers of the Australian Health System towards Health Care for All: A Scoping Review and Qualitative Synthesis. Biomed Res Int. 2023;2023:6648138. Published 2023 Oct 20. doi:10.1155/2023/6648138

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“There are three healthcare system models in the world, namely, the welfare state model, the market model and a mix of the welfare state and market models – the hybrid model. In a welfare state model, healthcare is funded by tax dollars, and the government assumes full responsibility for the provision of healthcare services. In a market model, the choice and payment of healthcare services are left to the individual citizens and private institutions. In a hybrid model, the government provides public insurance for basic coverage, and individuals can buy private insurance for healthcare coverage on the top of any public insurance they have. The Australian healthcare system is a hybrid model under which citizens, permanent residents and refugees can buy private insurance coverage in addition to the public insurance they already have and gain access to both private and public hospitals.⁶ The provision of healthcare services by the government requires some gate-keeping – the administration and approval of healthcare services – in some cases. Australia, Belgium, Canada and France have similar healthcare systems because they provide public insurance for the basic coverage, and private insurance can be purchased by individuals on top of the public insurance.⁷ Australia had the lowest public health expenditure, as a percentage of the total health expenditure, during the period 2010–2014 of these four countries with similar health systems. Public health expenditure as a percentage of total health expenditure in Australia, Belgium, Canada and France is shown in Figure 3.”

Source: Dixit SK, Sambasivan M. A review of the Australian healthcare system: A policy perspective. SAGE Open Med. 2018;6:2050312118769211. Published 2018 Apr 12. doi:10.1177/2050312118769211

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World Health Systems Facts is a project of the Real Reporting Foundation. We provide reliable statistics and other data from authoritative sources regarding health systems and policies in the US and sixteen other OECD member nations.

Page last updated June 30, 2026 by Doug McVay, Editor.