"Examining age across childhood and young adulthood, uninsured rates in 2017 were generally lower for children than for young adults, from 3.5 percent for infants to 17.8 percent for 26-year-olds. Two sharp differences existed between single-year ages. The percentage of 19-year-olds without coverage (13.2 percent) was 4.6 percentage points higher than the percentage for people 1 year younger. Likewise, the uninsured rate for 26-year-olds, the highest among all single years of age in 2017, was distinctly higher than for 25-yearolds (17.8 percent and 14.9 percent, respectively)."From ages 26 to 64, the uninsured rate generally declined with age. Between the ages…
Children and Adults in the US Without Health Insurance Coverage
"In 2017, 5.4 percent of children under the age of 19 and 12.2 percent of adults aged 19 to 64 did not have health insurance coverage. For all selected characteristics, the percentage of adults without health insurance coverage was significantly higher than for children (under 19 years of age) (Figure 6). Additionally, differences in the uninsured rates between demographic and socioeconomic groups were generally larger among adults than among children.39 "For example, the difference in the uninsured rate by poverty status was larger among adults than among children. In 2017, 7.8 percent of children in poverty were uninsured, compared with…
Problems That Hampered Implementation of ACA’s Coverage Provisions
"Several major problems have hampered the implementation of the coverage provisions of the ACA. First was the troubled debut of the federally run insurance marketplaces and a number of state-run programs. The federal marketplaces now seem to be functioning adequately, and most states with problems have either fixed them or imported solutions from other states or the federal government. Second, a number of insured Americans were upset and surprised when companies canceled policies that did not meet minimum standards under the ACA. The numbers of canceled policies have declined over time, and cancellations have become less troublesome as better-functioning marketplaces…
ACA Hampered By Financial Vulnerabilities From the Start
"The ACA is vulnerable to the availability of resources at many other levels. The United States has a large national deficit for which the federal government must account. The states find themselves with inadequate financial resources. Many states cannot legally run a deficit and this limits their ability to participate in many of the ACA programmes that require their funding (Weissert & Weissert, 2006)."The federal budget compromise enacted by Congress in March 2011 reduced funding for many programmes as part of a package of budget cuts required to ensure that the federal government could continue to function in the face…
Medicare Eligibility
"Medicare is the federal health insurance program created in 1965 for people ages 65 and over, regardless of income, medical history, or health status. The program was expanded in 1972 to cover certain people under age 65 who have a long-term disability. Today, Medicare plays a key role in providing health and financial security to 60 million older people and younger people with disabilities. The program helps to pay for many medical care services, including hospitalizations, physician visits, prescription drugs, preventive services, skilled nursing facility and home health care, and hospice care. In 2017, Medicare spending accounted for 15 percent…
Characteristics of People on Medicare
"Many people on Medicare live with health problems, including multiple chronic conditions and limitations in their activities of daily living, and many beneficiaries live on modest incomes. In 2016, nearly one third (32%) had a functional impairment; one quarter (25%) reported being in fair or poor health; and more than one in five (22%) had five or more chronic conditions, (Figure 1). More than one in seven beneficiaries (15%) were under age 65 and living with a long-term disability, and 12 percent were ages 85 and over. Nearly two million beneficiaries (3%) lived in a long-term care facility. In 2016,…
Medicare Part A
"Part A covers inpatient hospital stays, skilled nursing facility (SNF) stays, some home health visits, and hospice care. Part A benefits are subject to a deductible ($1,364 per benefit period in 2019). Part A also requires coinsurance for extended inpatient hospital and SNF stays." Source: Issue Brief: An Overview of Medicare. Kaiser Family Foundation. February 2019. http://files.kff.org/attachment/issue-brief-an-overview-of-medicare
Medicare Part B
"Part B covers physician visits, outpatient services, preventive services, and some home health visits. Many Part B benefits are subject to a deductible ($185 in 2019), and, typically, coinsurance of 20 percent. No coinsurance or deductible is charged for an annual wellness visit or for preventive services that are rated ‘A’ or ‘B’ by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, such as mammography or prostate cancer screenings." Source: Issue Brief: An Overview of Medicare. Kaiser Family Foundation. February 2019. http://files.kff.org/attachment/issue-brief-an-overview-of-medicare
Medicare Part C
"Part C refers to the Medicare Advantage program, through which beneficiaries can enroll in a private health plan, such as a health maintenance organization (HMO) or preferred provider organization (PPO), and receive all Medicare-covered Part A and Part B benefits and typically also Part D benefits. Enrollment in Medicare Advantage plans has grown over time, with more than 20 million beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Advantage in 2018, or 34 percent of all Medicare beneficiaries (Figure 3)."
Medicare Part D
"Part D covers outpatient prescription drugs through private plans that contract with Medicare, including stand-alone prescription drug plans (PDPs) and Medicare Advantage plans with prescription drug coverage (MA-PDs). In 2019, beneficiaries have a choice of 27 PDPs and 21 MA-PDs, on average. The Part D benefit helps pay for enrollees' drug costs and provides coverage for very high drug costs. Additional financial assistance is available for beneficiaries with low incomes and modest assets. Enrollees pay monthly premiums and cost sharing for prescriptions, with costs varying by plan. Enrollment in Part D is voluntary; in 2018, 43 million people on Medicare…
